{"id":2719,"date":"2022-05-24T15:25:00","date_gmt":"2022-05-24T15:25:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/yerdenizkooperatifi.org\/?p=2719"},"modified":"2026-04-30T15:37:38","modified_gmt":"2026-04-30T15:37:38","slug":"polen-ekoloji-yerdeniz-kooperatifi-ile-gida-krizi-ve-gida-egemenligi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/yerdenizkooperatifi.org\/index.php\/2022\/05\/24\/polen-ekoloji-yerdeniz-kooperatifi-ile-gida-krizi-ve-gida-egemenligi\/","title":{"rendered":"Polen Ekoloji:\u00a0Yerdeniz Kooperatifi ile G\u0131da Krizi ve G\u0131da Egemenli\u011fi"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Hem g\u0131da \u00fcr\u00fcnlerinde y\u00fcksek enflasyon ya\u015fan\u0131yor ama hem de belli g\u0131da \u00fcr\u00fcnlerinin stoklar\u0131n\u0131n yeterli olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 haberleri ile var\u2026 G\u0131da krizi ya\u015fand\u0131\u011f\u0131 ya da ya\u015fanaca\u011f\u0131 daha s\u0131k duyuluyor. Sizce g\u0131da krizi nedir? Pahal\u0131l\u0131k m\u0131, \u00fcr\u00fcnlerin yeterince \u00fcretilmemesi mi?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bizce d\u00fcnyada yeterince g\u0131da \u00fcretiliyor ve \u00fcretilme kapasitesi de mevcuttur. As\u0131l sorun g\u0131dan\u0131n kar i\u00e7in \u00fcretilmesi ve eme\u011fi ile ge\u00e7inmek zorunda olan milyarlarca insan\u0131n \u00e7ok d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck gelirlerle ya da i\u015fsizlikle ya\u015famak zorunda b\u0131rak\u0131lmas\u0131d\u0131r. Ayr\u0131ca kar ama\u00e7l\u0131 \u00fcretim kapitalist \u015firketleri, en ucuz maliyet ve en fazla kar i\u00e7in en uygun \u00fclkelere y\u00f6neltmektedir. \u00d6rne\u011fin T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin tar\u0131msal \u00fcretim i\u00e7in Sudan\u2019dan toprak kiralamas\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

2007-2008 krizinden beri d\u00fcnyada \u00e7\u0131kan ayaklanmalarda temel g\u0131da fiyatlar\u0131na yap\u0131lan zamlar en ba\u015fat etkendir. En son covid-19 salg\u0131n\u0131n\u0131n \u00fczerine gelen Rusya\u2019n\u0131n Ukrayna\u2019y\u0131 i\u015fgal sava\u015f\u0131 bir zamanlar tah\u0131l ambar\u0131 olan T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin ay\u00e7i\u00e7e\u011fi ya\u011f\u0131n\u0131 Ukrayna ve Rusya\u2019dan ithal etti\u011fi ger\u00e7e\u011fini g\u00f6zler \u00f6n\u00fcne serdi. \u0130thal edilen tar\u0131msal \u00fcr\u00fcnlerin tedarikinde sorun \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131\u011f\u0131nda da fiyatlar artmaktad\u0131r. Mesela yak\u0131n d\u00f6nemde ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z ithalat sorunu nedeniyle ay\u00e7i\u00e7ek ya\u011f\u0131 fiyatlar\u0131n\u0131n h\u0131zl\u0131ca y\u00fckselmesi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

End\u00fcstriyel tar\u0131m yerel ve kendine yeterli \u00fcretim d\u00f6ng\u00fclerini par\u00e7alayarak g\u0131da \u00fcr\u00fcnlerini, fiyatlar\u0131, uluslararas\u0131 borsalarda belirlenen ticari metalara d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcrm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr. \u00c7ok az say\u0131da tekelin tohumu ve g\u0131day\u0131 kontrol etmesi g\u0131da krizinin nedenlerinden biridir. End\u00fcstriyel tar\u0131m end\u00fcstriyel girdiler ile s\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fclmektedir. Buda maaliyet girdileri ve ard\u0131ndan fiyatlar\u0131n art\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131 getirmektedir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

D\u00fcnyan\u0131n her yerinde yerel \u00fcreticilerin tasfiyesi ve tar\u0131m\u0131n uluslararas\u0131 tekellerin eline ge\u00e7mesi sonucu giderek a\u011f\u0131rla\u015fan g\u0131da krizi, Covid-19 salg\u0131n\u0131 ve emperyalistler aras\u0131 rekabet ve sava\u015flar nedeniyle daha da a\u011f\u0131r bir d\u00f6neme girmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

G\u0131da krizi ile ba\u011flant\u0131l\u0131 en \u00e7ok duyulan bir ba\u015fka konu da g\u0131da egemenli\u011fi. G\u0131da egemenli\u011fi nedir ve g\u0131dada ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z sorunlarla ba\u011f\u0131 nedir?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

G\u0131da egemenli\u011fi; g\u0131da sisteminin yerelle\u015ftirilmesi, g\u0131dan\u0131n geleneksel y\u00f6ntemlerle \u00fcretilmesi, toplumun her kesiminin sa\u011fl\u0131kl\u0131, k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fcne uygun g\u0131daya eri\u015fim hakk\u0131, k\u00f6yl\u00fclerin meralar, ormanlar, dereler, tohumlar, tar\u0131msal arazilere eri\u015fiminin sa\u011fland\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve g\u00fcvence alt\u0131na al\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131, bilge k\u00f6yl\u00fc tar\u0131m\u0131n\u0131n yap\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve bilginin aktar\u0131m\u0131n\u0131n ticarile\u015ftirilmeden ku\u015faklara aktar\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131, ekolojik bir tar\u0131m modelinin in\u015fa edilmesi olarak b\u00fct\u00fcnl\u00fckl\u00fc bir sistemi ifade eder. G\u0131da egemenli\u011fi; g\u0131da meselesini s\u0131n\u0131fsal bir mesele, toplumsal cinsiyet meselesi, g\u00f6\u00e7men meselesi, mevsimlik i\u015f\u00e7i meselesi ve do\u011fa meselesi olarak g\u00f6r\u00fcr.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tar\u0131mda uygulanan neoliberal politikalar T\u00fcrkiye gibi ba\u015fka \u00fclkelerde de uyguland\u0131. Ba\u015fta da G\u00fcney Amerika ve Afrika \u00fclkelerinde ve Hindistan\u2019da. Oralarda durum nedir? Ve ayn\u0131 zamanda oralardaki \u00e7ift\u00e7iler neler yap\u0131yor, bu sorunlarla ba\u015f edebilmek i\u00e7in?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0130kinci payla\u015f\u0131m sava\u015f\u0131 sonras\u0131 ortaya at\u0131lan \u2018ye\u015fil devrim\u2019 politikalar\u0131 ile g\u0131da art\u0131k ge\u00e7imlik olarak \u00fcretilen, k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck \u00f6l\u00e7ekli bir \u00fcretim olmaktan \u00e7\u0131k\u0131p tekelci \u015firketler elinde h\u0131zla metala\u015ft\u0131. \u00d6l\u00e7ek b\u00fcy\u00fcd\u00fck\u00e7e \u00e7ift\u00e7ileri yoksulla\u015ft\u0131ran, \u00e7ift\u00e7ilerin topraklar\u0131n\u0131 elinden alan, s\u00f6m\u00fcrgeci, paramiliter bir yap\u0131ya d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc. Latin Amerikal\u0131 \u00e7ift\u00e7iler ba\u015fta olmak \u00fczere d\u00fcnya genelinde ki k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck \u00e7ift\u00e7iler b\u00f6ylesi k\u00fcresel bir sald\u0131r\u0131ya kar\u015f\u0131, k\u00fcresel \u00f6l\u00e7ekte bir m\u00fccadele geli\u015ftirmek i\u00e7in kollar\u0131 s\u0131vad\u0131lar. Uluslararas\u0131 \u00e7ift\u00e7i \u00f6rg\u00fct\u00fc La Via Campesina b\u00f6ylece kuruldu. Bug\u00fcn g\u00f6\u00e7men eme\u011finden, kad\u0131n eme\u011fine, agroekolojiden, yerel tohumlara dek pek \u00e7ok konuda g\u0131da egemenli\u011fi perspektifiyle yol alan ve ufuk a\u00e7an bir m\u00fccadele \u00f6r\u00fcyor Latin Amerika ve Afrika halklar\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hindistan ise \u00f6zellikle \u00e7ift\u00e7i intiharlar\u0131n\u0131n en y\u00fcksek oldu\u011fu \u00fclkelerden biri. Bor\u00e7lanarak hayatlar\u0131n\u0131 s\u00fcrd\u00fcrmeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan, kast sistemi ve neoliberal politikalar alt\u0131nda ezilen \u00e7ift\u00e7iler, son olarak k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck aile \u00e7ift\u00e7ili\u011fini bitirmek ve tar\u0131m\u0131 tekelci yerli ve yabanc\u0131 \u015firketlerin hizmetine sunmak i\u00e7in getirilmesi planlanan \u00fc\u00e7 tar\u0131m yasas\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131 b\u00fcy\u00fck bir direni\u015f sergilediler. Aylarca yol i\u015fgalleriyle, b\u00fcy\u00fck genel grevlerle \u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcne kavga ederek h\u00fck\u00fcmete geri ad\u0131m att\u0131rd\u0131lar. Hindistanl\u0131 \u00e7ift\u00e7iler m\u00fccadelenin sokakta kazan\u0131laca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 da t\u00fcm d\u00fcnya \u00e7ift\u00e7ilerine g\u00f6stermi\u015f oldular.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Latin Amerika\u2019da Brezilya\u2019da ony\u0131llar\u0131 bulan \u00f6rg\u00fctlenme ve m\u00fccadele deneyimi ile Topraks\u0131z K\u0131r \u0130\u015f\u00e7ileri Hareketi (MST) neo-liberal sald\u0131r\u0131 dalgas\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131 sald\u0131r\u0131, katliamlara ra\u011fmen kal\u0131c\u0131 bir direni\u015f ve m\u00fccadele s\u00fcrecini \u00f6rg\u00fctlemeye ba\u015fararak d\u00fcnyada bir \u00e7ok yere esin kayna\u011f\u0131 olmu\u015ftur. \u0130\u015fgal ederek \u00fcretim yapan MST hayat\u0131n \u00f6rg\u00fctlenmesi noktas\u0131nda \u00fcretim, sa\u011fl\u0131k ve e\u011fitim hizmeti veren \u00fcretim ve ya\u015fam alanlar\u0131 in\u015fa etmektedir. Di\u011fer yandan Brezilya\u2019da toprak reformu ve tar\u0131m politikalar\u0131n\u0131n de\u011fi\u015ftirilmesi i\u00e7im m\u00fccadele etmektedir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Afrika\u2019da \u00f6zellikle G\u00fcney Afrika Cumhuriyetinde topraks\u0131zlar do\u011frudan eylem y\u00f6ntemleri ile Apartheid d\u00f6neminden kalan m\u00fclkiyet ili\u015fkilerini sorgulamaktad\u0131rlar. Bat\u0131 Afrika\u2019da geli\u015fen g\u0131da egemenli\u011fi hareketi yerel ve ekolojik tar\u0131ma hayat vererek halklar\u0131n\u0131n g\u0131da \u00fcretimini sa\u011flama noktas\u0131nda ad\u0131mlar at\u0131yorlar.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

G\u0131da merkezli \u00f6rg\u00fctlenmeler a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan durum nedir? Neler yap\u0131labilir?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bu alanda y\u0131llardan beri \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan \u00f6rg\u00fctlenmeler var. Bir\u00e7o\u011fu yukarda i\u015faret etti\u011finiz platformun kat\u0131l\u0131mc\u0131lar\u0131d\u0131r. Birde bu \u00f6rg\u00fctlenmelerin d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda k\u0131rda yeni kurulan \u00fcretim kooperatifleri, Kentte g\u0131da da\u011f\u0131t\u0131m\u0131 yapan kooperatifler, g\u0131da topluluklar\u0131 var. Kapitalizmin krizine iklim krizi ve ekolojik krizin eklendi\u011fi a\u011f\u0131r bir s\u00fcre\u00e7ten ge\u00e7iyoruz. \u00d6n\u00fcm\u00fczdeki d\u00f6nemde g\u0131da \u00f6rg\u00fctlenmelerinin iklim krizine, ekolojik y\u0131k\u0131ma ve ticarile\u015fmeye kar\u015f\u0131 m\u00fccadeleyi de i\u00e7eren dayan\u0131\u015fma ekonomileri zemininde, yeni bir perspektifi birlikte in\u015fa etmeleri gerekti\u011fini d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcyoruz. Bunun i\u00e7inde d\u0131\u015fa ba\u011f\u0131ml\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 azaltmal\u0131y\u0131z s\u00f6ylemi de\u011fil D\u00fcnya Ticaret \u00d6rg\u00fct\u00fc anla\u015fmalar\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131 \u00e7\u0131karak; k\u0131r ve kentte birlikte \u00f6rg\u00fctlenerek k\u0131r kent ili\u015fkisini kuracak \u00e7ok y\u00f6nl\u00fc bir \u00f6rg\u00fctlenme s\u00fcrecine ihtiyac\u0131m\u0131z var.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u015eirketlerin egemenli\u011fi, \u00f6zel m\u00fclkiyet sistemi yani k\u0131saca tar\u0131mda kapitalizm varken ya\u015fanan sorunlar\u0131n \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcm\u00fc sadece agroekoloji ile a\u015f\u0131labilir mi?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

End\u00fcstriyel tar\u0131m kapitalist \u00fcretim ili\u015fkileri i\u00e7inde yap\u0131lan tar\u0131md\u0131r ve bug\u00fcn\u00fcn d\u00fcnyas\u0131nda kapitalizm nas\u0131l bir kriz i\u00e7indeyse end\u00fcstriyel tar\u0131m da ya\u015fanan krizin sebebidir. Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla sorunlara neden olanlar zaten \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcm olamazlar. Bunun i\u00e7in halklar\u0131n G\u0131da Egemenli\u011fi perspektifini savunuyoruz. Yani g\u0131da meselesi g\u0131da egemenli\u011fi tan\u0131m\u0131nda da s\u00f6yledi\u011fimiz gibi bir s\u0131n\u0131f, ekoloji, toplumsal cinsiyet, g\u00f6\u00e7men i\u015f\u00e7i ve mevsimlik i\u015f\u00e7i meselesidir ayn\u0131 zamanda. Yeni bir toplumsal ili\u015fki bi\u00e7imini tahayy\u00fcl etme ve kurma perspektifidir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Agroekoloji bu m\u00fccadelenin \u00f6nemli par\u00e7alar\u0131ndan biridir. \u00d6rg\u00fctl\u00fc k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck k\u00f6yl\u00fcler hali haz\u0131rda d\u00fcnya g\u0131da \u00fcretiminin %60\u2019\u0131na yak\u0131n\u0131n\u0131 \u00fcretiyorlar. Tabii tar\u0131mda sorunlar\u0131n temel kayna\u011f\u0131 uluslararas\u0131 g\u0131da tekelleri ve D\u00fcnya Ticaret \u00d6rg\u00fct\u00fc-Tar\u0131m Anla\u015fmalar\u0131d\u0131r. La Via Campesina DT\u00d6\u2019ye kar\u015f\u0131 m\u00fccadeleyi \u00f6ne \u00e7\u0131karan bir hat izledi. Bug\u00fcn de DT\u00d6\u2019ye kar\u015f\u0131 \u00e7\u0131k\u0131lmadan bir tar\u0131m politikas\u0131 \u00fcretilmesi m\u00fcmk\u00fcn de\u011fildir. Bu yeni alternatif bir g\u0131da sisteminin ancak anti-kapitalist bir zeminde ele al\u0131nabilece\u011fini g\u00f6steriyor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sizin gibi kooperatiflerin bu a\u00e7\u0131dan rol\u00fc nedir?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Kooperatifler kentte ve k\u0131rda do\u011fal, sa\u011fl\u0131kl\u0131, adil fiyatl\u0131 g\u0131da \u00fcretiminin ve da\u011f\u0131t\u0131m\u0131n temel ara\u00e7lar\u0131ndan birisi olarak sadece g\u0131da \u00fcretimine de\u011fil geri plan\u0131nda ki \u00fcretim ili\u015fkileri ve \u00fcretim s\u00fcre\u00e7lerine de odaklanan, insani gelirden, toplumsal cinsiyet meselesine pek \u00e7ok soruna de\u011finen geni\u015f bir perspektiften meseleyi ele al\u0131yorlar. B\u00f6ylelikle bir yandan do\u011fa dostu, insani bir \u00fcretim s\u00fcreci in\u015fa ederken di\u011fer yandan kentliler sofralar\u0131na gelen a\u015f\u0131n t\u00fcm s\u00fcre\u00e7lerine d\u00e2hil oluyorlar. Kooperatifler ortak i\u015f yapman\u0131n, kolektif ak\u0131lla \u00fcretmenin, dayan\u0131\u015fmayla g\u00fc\u00e7lenmenin pratiklerini ortaya koymaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131yorlar. Bireysellikten \u00e7\u0131k\u0131p \u00f6zne olarak, ya\u015fam\u0131n tam da ezilenler cephesinden yeniden in\u015faa edilmesini sa\u011flamaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131yorlar. Kar eksenli olmayan, yerelde \u00fcretimi, te\u015fvik eden, hem k\u0131rda hem kentte birlikte hareket eden bir m\u00fccadele ekseninde ilerliyorlar.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ayr\u0131ca bizim gibi kentte var olan kooperatifler, g\u0131dan\u0131n son kullan\u0131c\u0131ya ula\u015fmas\u0131nda aradaki arac\u0131lar\u0131n (Bir \u00fcr\u00fcn \u0130stanbul\u2019a gelene kadar 7 ayr\u0131 noktadan ge\u00e7iyor) kalkmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flad\u0131\u011f\u0131, g\u0131day\u0131 do\u011frudan \u00fcreticiden temin etti\u011fi i\u00e7in hem \u00fcretici hem de t\u00fcketici taraf\u0131nda adil fiyat uygulamas\u0131n\u0131 m\u00fcmk\u00fcn k\u0131l\u0131yorlar. Kooperatif \u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fc do\u011frudan \u00fcreticiden ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in kooperatiften al\u0131nan her bir \u00fcr\u00fcne \u00f6denen para do\u011frudan \u00fcreticiye gitmi\u015f oluyor. \u00dcretici adil fiyatlarla \u00fcretim yaparak hayat\u0131n\u0131 idame ettirebildi\u011fi i\u00e7in \u00e7ift\u00e7ilik yapmaya devam edebiliyor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00dcreticilerle yak\u0131n ili\u015fkilerimizden dolay\u0131 neyi nas\u0131l ne kadar ve hangi ko\u015fullarda \u00fcrettiklerini biliyoruz. Kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131kl\u0131 konu\u015farak planlamalar\u0131na destek vermi\u015f oluyor ve insanlar aras\u0131nda yok edilmeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131lan g\u00fcven ili\u015fkisini dayan\u0131\u015fma zemininde yeniden tesis etme yolunda ad\u0131mlar at\u0131yoruz.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Toparlarsak g\u0131da egemenli\u011fi perspektifi ile hareket dayan\u0131\u015fma ekonomileri olarak ya\u015fam\u0131n birlikte \u00f6rg\u00fctlenmesinde m\u00fctevaz\u0131 ad\u0131mlar at\u0131yoruz.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Kaynak: <\/strong>https:\/\/www.polenekoloji.org\/yerdeniz-kooperatifi-ile-gida-krizi-ve-gida-egemenligi\/<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Hem g\u0131da \u00fcr\u00fcnlerinde y\u00fcksek enflasyon ya\u015fan\u0131yor ama hem de belli g\u0131da \u00fcr\u00fcnlerinin stoklar\u0131n\u0131n yeterli olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 haberleri ile var\u2026 G\u0131da krizi<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":1986,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[4],"tags":[42,50,35,67,37,36],"gutentor_comment":0,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/yerdenizkooperatifi.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2719"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/yerdenizkooperatifi.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/yerdenizkooperatifi.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/yerdenizkooperatifi.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/yerdenizkooperatifi.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=2719"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/yerdenizkooperatifi.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2719\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":2720,"href":"https:\/\/yerdenizkooperatifi.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2719\/revisions\/2720"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/yerdenizkooperatifi.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/1986"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/yerdenizkooperatifi.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2719"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/yerdenizkooperatifi.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=2719"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/yerdenizkooperatifi.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=2719"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}